This split is there for a couple of reasons, the most important of which is the fact that there are three types of devices that naturally work very closely together, and so they need to have faster access to each other: the CPU, the main memory, and the video card. In reality, the core logic chipset is split into two parts: the northbridge and the southbridge (or I/O bridge). The core logic chipset acts as a switch or router, and routes I/O traffic among the different devices that make up the system. Logically, an average PC system is laid out in something like shown in the figure. We will start by looking at the basic layout of a PC system. Then we will look at the enhancements and improvements of the protocol in the newer 3.0 specs. This will be followed by a brief study of the PCI Express protocol. This will let us appreciate the importance of PCI Express. We will start with a conceptual understanding of PCI Express.
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